Role guide
Java interviews in India cover core Java, collections, multithreading, Spring Boot and SQL, followed by a project deep dive. Depth on fundamentals beats listing frameworks.
Why they ask: The single most asked Java question.
How to answer: Array of buckets, hashCode decides the bucket, equals resolves collisions; since Java 8 long chains become balanced trees. Mention load factor 0.75.
Why they ask: Basic but frequently fumbled.
How to answer: == compares references; equals() compares content when overridden. Cover String pool behaviour.
Why they ask: Checks you understand what the framework does for you.
How to answer: DispatcherServlet → controller → service → repository → database, with JSON serialisation by Jackson on the way out.
Why they ask: Tests error-handling design.
How to answer: Checked must be declared or handled at compile time (IOException); unchecked extend RuntimeException (NullPointerException).
Why they ask: Common in both fresher and lateral rounds.
How to answer: Final class, private final fields, no setters, defensive copies of mutable fields in constructor and getters.
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