1. Write a query to find the second-highest salary in a table.
Why they ask: The single most-asked analyst SQL question in India.
How to answer: Show the DENSE_RANK window-function version and mention the subquery alternative plus the duplicate-salary edge case.
2. Daily active users dropped 20% yesterday. How do you investigate?
Why they ask: Tests structured thinking under ambiguity.
How to answer: Rule out tracking and data-pipeline issues first, then segment by platform, geography, version and new vs returning, then look for a release or outage.
3. Difference between WHERE and HAVING?
Why they ask: A fast filter for whether you actually write SQL.
How to answer: WHERE filters rows before aggregation, HAVING filters after grouping. Give a one-line example of each.
4. How do you decide which chart to use?
Why they ask: Analysts who pick charts by habit produce dashboards nobody reads.
How to answer: Match chart to question: comparison, composition, distribution, trend or relationship. Mention one dashboard you simplified.
5. A stakeholder disagrees with your numbers. What do you do?
Why they ask: Real analyst work is defending a definition, not writing a query.
How to answer: Align on the metric definition and date range first, walk them through the source, and agree a single source of truth going forward.